The Bt cry protein is nontoxic to humans and animals, but toxic to insects (BANR, 2000). Although a few improved high-yielding varieties of cardamom have been evolved, combining yield and cardamom mosaic resistance has not been possible. As discussed more thoroughly in Section 7.1, most stability measures relate to either of two contrasting concepts of stability: “static” (Type 1) and “dynamic” (Type 2) (Becker and Léon, 1988; Lin et al. And if the crops by small farmers are not sprayed, the insects may creep in the neighbouring fields and the disease may adversely affect larger areas. Better results from HYV depend largely on assured and controlled irrigation. Bt eggplant (Solanum melongena) was developed and field tested by the collaborative research between the US-based company Monsanto and Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company (Mahyco), India, by incorporating a crystal gene (Cry1Ac) from B. thuringiensis (Krattiger, 2010; Cotter, 2011). Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. These costly inputs may go as a waste after the floods resulting from heavy rains. In the adoption and spread of HYV the role of human factor is also very important. Various types of proteinase inhibitors such as potato protease inhibitors II, cowpea trypsin inhibitors(CpTi), etc. Every individual on earth has pesticide residues in their body, which have caused chronic diseases leading to death in human beings (Annett et al., 2014). Breeding of new varieties of rice and wheat has continued since the 1960s, increasingly in research stations in the countries where they are to be grown. Click here to learn the concepts of Important High Yield Crop Varieties from Biology Put a tick mark against the correct alternative in the following statements : Hybrid varieties of Content Guidelines 2. To meet water requirements, there must be a controlled source of water at the disposal of farmers. They were also short with a stiff straw, and so, unlike the tall traditional varieties, did not lodge with higher yields. Plagiarism Prevention 4. They should advance loans to the farmers at a reasonable rate of interest. You might also want to think about placing a few onions near or around your cucumber plants as studies show that not only will onions keep soil bacteria and insects away, but they increase the cucumber plants overall yield. The number of pests developing resistance to pesticides is growing. There should, therefore, be a perfect understanding and coordination between farm­ers, extension agents, farm supervisors, researchers and agricultural scientists. High yielding varieties of maize have also proved successful and to a lesser extent new varieties of sorghum. The first irrigation to wheat around the third week of sowing alone raises yield by as much as 30 per cent than that when it is delayed. To overcome these problems, development of resistant crop varieties through a transgenic approach will contribute to a reduction in pest attack and decrease the use of chemical insecticides (Slater et al., 2003). Medson Chisi, Gary Peterson, in Sorghum and Millets (Second Edition), 2019. Data are col-lected from as many sites as are available and statistically analyzed. Although, it involves centuries old practices, a major breakthrough in pest control was the development of pesticides. Although it positively regulates fruit ripening, it also negatively regulates ethylene synthesis (Karlova et al., 2013). Once a village is linked with a town by a metalled road, its economy undergoes a remarkable transformation. Barley also requires reasonably high levels of management with a good herbicide and fungicide programme to achieve yields. The criteria for selection are high yield, disease resistance, response to fertilisers, tolerance to climate, etc. Apart from efficient transport and infrastructural facilities, mod­ern flour mills and rice husking factories need to be located at appro­priate location. The recom­mended dose of chemical fertilizer for the new seeds of wheat and rice in terms of NPK in 90-45-45 kg per hectare. Newer approaches are needed to meet the great increase in food production necessitated by population growth in developing countries. The new seeds are very delicate and highly susceptible to pests and disease. Among them, transgenic plants with the insecticidal gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) might be the best example on agronomical improvement. Tasawar Abbas, ... Robert J. Kremer, in Advances in Agronomy, 2018. Crop pests include weeds, insects, pathogens, and rodents. The transgenic approach provides a novel way for rice breeders to use genes other than those from rice and its relatives. Adoption of new needs and intensification of agri­culture in the subtropical countries like India (characterized with er­ratic monsoon) are not possible unless adequate irrigation facilities are available. The reduced levels of CHS mRNA and enzymatic CHS activity and the levels of anthocyanins were downregulated, and precursors of the flavonoids pathway were shunted to the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to large increases in levels of (hydroxy) cinnamoyl glucose esters. OMAFRA Field Crop Team March 13, 2018 6142 Comments Off on High Yield Wheat! Poor yielding genetics rarely produce high yields. Read formulas, definitions, laws from Biotechnology for Improved Food Quality here. The traditional plough and bullock- carts are less efficient to finish the agricultural operations on time. Similarly, allelopathic water extracts from Malva parviflora L. and C. murale L. suppressed growth and photosynthetic activity of barley (Al-Johani et al., 2012). The personal qualities of a farmer, his at­titude, beliefs, aspirations, progressiveness, and education, lifestyle and family values determine his capacity to adopt an agricultural innova­tion. Modern farming tools and technology like tractors, threshers and sprayers are also imperative for the successful cultivation of HYV. Qingyao Shu, Dianxing Wu, in Reference Module in Food Science, 2016. Contaminated food, air, soil, and waterbodies have exposed life on Earth to hazardous agrochemicals. The well off farm­ers of the Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are applying this input in the given proportion while some of the more ambitious farmers are even exceeding the prescribed limit. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. 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Radheshyam Sharma, in, Postharvest losses deteriorate the quality and economic viability of many, Meli et al., 2010; Molesini et al., 2012; Karlova et al., 2013, Limitations of Existing Weed Control Practices Necessitate Development of Alternative Techniques Based on Biological Approaches. The lodging of crop re­duces the yield per unit area. Tillage deteriorated soil structure, oxidized organic matter, and produced compaction layers in the subsoil. Globally, yield losses to weeds have reduced with time because of improvements in weed control practices and improved weed management. high-yield variety Crop that has been specially bred or selected to produce more than the natural varieties of the same species. It substantially increased food production worldwide and helped to cope with ever increasing hunger of human beings worldwide. 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