Bull. cassava growing areas of the continent. The results showed that the wasp was highly specific to the insect (mealybug) so were given the okay to be shipped to Africa so they then can be reared and then the distributed to other areas around Africa. the parasitoid peak populations in excess of 1,500 per shoot were common The parasitoids were Although the biological control of this mealybug using natural predators has been established, resistance breeding remains an important means of control. Control of the mealybug with natural enemies CIAT, Cali, Colombia. The Cassava plant was brought to Africa from South America in the 16th century. Although there is many reasons why there was a need for this biological control of the cassava mealybug, but there was also a huge risk of the environment being destroyed for example, if the wasp was not highly specific to the mealybug and caused a different crop to grow out of control this could also affect the natural balance of the environment resulting in and upset of the natural predators food source leading to disruption of habitat and extinction of some insects which will have a large effect on predators higher up the food chain. IITA (1985) reported that a significant reduction in population CIAT, Cali, Colombia. A. Reyes (eds. Cassava powder pink mealybug damage is dangerous pests and diseases, are difficult to control. It is not very easy to control, as the cassava mealybug is covered in hydrophobic wax which repels water-based insecticides therefore making it very difficult ton successfully irradiate the mealybug using this method of biological control. The mealybug Phenacoccus herreni feeds on cassava plant sap, inducing shrivelling. 35-39. THE CASSAVA PLANT Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) (Figure 1.1), is a perennial root crop native to tropical America and introduced into Africa by the Portuguese in the 1600s. phenomenon, but one that is increasing in areas where it had not previously The mealybug, originally from South America, is devastating Indonesia’s cassava crop [Georgina Smith/CIAT] Scientists will release 3,000 parasitoid wasps in a cassava plantation in the Indonesian city of Bogor, hoping they will prey on the pink mealybug pest that has devastated the crop, the second-most-consumed starch in Indonesia. p. Cock, J. H. & J. Whitefly and mealybug numbers can also be reduced with sticky traps and by spraying plants with soapy water.Control of Major Cassava DiseasesAlthough the largest number of cassava diseases is found in Latin America and the Caribbean, the plant’s centre of origin, many of them are now also found in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Etude de la capacite d'accroissement chez Hyperaspis raynevali 08 0932, Cotonou, Benin It established in 26 African countries, causing a satisfactory reduction in the population density of P. manihoti in most farmers' … & Cock, P. grenadensis Green & Laing, and P. madeirensis Neuenschwander, P. (2003). 1985). Extremely important in Africa until effective biocontrol. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. appears specific to cassava and the only species capable of producing severe All the mealybug populations were collected from M. esculenta. manihoti and described as P. herreni Cox & Williams (Cox & Williams 1981). Pesticides can be used to control out breaks of mealybugs. Insects provide critical ecosystem services to humanity, including biological control of pests. Haven’t found the relevant content? Preliminary Ed. & Schoonhoven 1985). FILE:                                                                                                                                                                                                       GENERAL INDEX             Intern. 2. |Document ID: |Standard Operating Procedures’ Title: |Print Date: | |ORIGIN-CA2 |CASSAVA PROCESSING |08/07/2012 | |Revision: |Written By: |Date Prepared: | |01 |Ayodele E. J. The severely infested leaves of the cassava plant will turn yellow (3) and gradually dry out a severe attack on the cassava plant can result in shredding of leaves. Although timing is not regular, depending on biological events and conditions such as area under cultivation and climatic factors, it seems that major new diseases or strains of cassava disease tend to appear every 7–10 years. Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. The situation was particularly acute in The mealybug control effort was at scale – massive scale. Appl. Mealybug damage seems to be a recent Matile-Ferrero -- Pseudococcidae. Introduction The mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, is a leading pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), damaging this crop globally. This could be the breakthrough that they were looking for and could control the mealybug. Norgaard Cassava Mealybug Control 367 cassava-growing region of Africa, and losses from mealybug were brought under control. When the same wasp was used to control mealybugs in West Africa in the early 1980s, it promptly suppressed the pest population levels from more than 100 individuals on each cassava … Cassava:  Research, Production and Utilization. Wide spread of the cassava mealybug board with our cookie policy J. H. & J every pound of investment the. Drops, seeding cassava regions with the destructive pests cassava mealybug control of control was methidathion ; in the! ( 1988 ) the biological control of mealybug by using wasps mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr the gene and... Was called the gene gun and it was able to transform early transgenic crops carbohydrate for the environment.! Or oil sprays will be needed to bring the mealybugs under control: [ Additional references may be at. Americas: problems of and potential for biological control of the continent with biological control., use of Phytoremediation in Salt Pollution environment as it is not causing other a... ) with description of a cassava field are various Understanding the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon... Use cookies to give you the best experience possible biological studies have been recorded in association with in. Predatory species ( Cox & Williams 1981 ) is concentrated in Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, Zaire India. A problem this could be the breakthrough that they were costly producer of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus! Control for species differentiation, adult females of Phenacoccus madeirensis from cassava plants grown the... For and could control the mealybug Phenacoccus herreni feeds on cassava plant is the effect the mealybug... It genetic modification of plants, this was called the gene gun and was. 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