2. Young’s modulus Experiment. e. Two slits that are 0.200 mm apart produce an interference pattern on a screen such that the central maximum and the 10th bright band are distanced by an amount equal to one-tenth the distance from the slits to the screen. The vibrations are maintained electrically with the help of tiny magnets glued at the free end of the bar. Another thing to keep in mind is that the lower the value of Young’s Modulus in materials, the more is the deformation experienced by the body, and this deformation in the case of objects like clay and wood can vary in the one sample itself. h. Consecutive bright bands on an interference pattern are 3.5 cm apart when the slide containing the slits is 10.0 m from the screen. This is not recommended and can be addressed through good experimental practice and careful measurement. Light from the laser beam diffracts through the slits and emerges as two separate coherent waves. Multimedia University. This means that errors due to expansion during the experiment are avoided as the test wire and control wire would both expand by the same amount and the scale would adust position and eliminate the error. In solid mechanics, Young’s modulus is defines as the ratio of the longitudinal stress over … First, identify known values in terms of their corresponding variable symbol: (Note: m was chosen as 10 since the y distance corresponds to the distance from the 5th bright band on one side of the central band and the 5th bright band on the other side of the central band.). The equation, known as Young's equation is: In 1801, Young devised and performed an experiment to measure the wavelength of light. (Note that m = 4.5 represents the fifth nodal position or dark band from the central bright band. The Young’s modulus, one of the elastic constants, is dened as the ratio of stress to strain Y = F A l l A)area l)length of the non-extended rectangular block Thus, for a rectangular block, Young’s modulus has the form Y = Fl A l (2) 2 x� The converted values are listed in the table above. Our aim is to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire using Searle’s apparatus. endstream Careful inspection of the units of measurement is always advisable. As found in the case of Se, the magnetic susceptibilities calculated by Slater’s and Angus’s methods are in better agreement with the experimental ones and can be used to fix the correct molecular constitution of tellurium compounds. /Length 8 Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. The bulk modulus (K) is like Young's modulus, except in three dimensions. University. Thus, m = 3. If there are 109 nm in 1 meter, then there must be 107 nm in the smaller centimeter. endstream The Good Practice Guide draws together some of the background … Bulk modulus (b) As discussed in the previous part of this lesson, it was important that the two sources of light that form the pattern be coherent. %äüöß 363 An interference pattern is produced when light is incident upon two slits that are 50.0 micrometers apart. Young’s modulus is named after Thomas Young,19th century,British scientist. It was concluded that these are terrible results and that the experiment was a failure. The Young’s modulus for a material can be measured using the experiment illustrated in Figure 2. The diagram below depicts the results of Young's Experiment. Where, The determination of the wavelength demands that the above values for d, y, L and m be substituted into Young's equation. Part 1: To investigate the relationship between... View more. The values found were 0.57±0.02 for Poisson’s Ratio and 5±2GPa for Young’s modulus. The first-order minimum is the first nodal position and is thus the m = 0.5 node. Both static and dynamic modulus methods are covered in this Guide, presented in separate sections with details on the different test methods and on practical issues affecting the quality and accuracy of the measurement. Share. In this case, cm has been chosen as the unit to use. Each frame has a torsion head at the upper side and a hook at the lower side. The reference wire supports a vernier scale which will measure the extension of the test wire. The reference wire supports a vernier scale, which will measure the extension of the test wire. All the results for the correct constitution have been summarised in Table IX. This question simply asks to equate the stated information with the variables of Young's equation and to perform conversions such that all information is in the same unit. endobj Pin and Microscope arrangement, Scale ,Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Weight hanger, Material bar or rod. >> ( Note that the fourth nodal line is assigned the order value of 3.5. Young's modulus describes tensile elasticity along a line when opposing forces are applied. A mirror was used to direct the pinhole beam horizontally across the room. Apply your understanding by interpreting the following statements and identifying the values of y, d, m and L. Finally, perform some conversions of the given information such that all information share the same unit. Young’s modulus of the material bar, = …………………………Nm -2 Example: For uniform bending for wood, p=0.5m, m= 0.02kg, g=9.8ms -2, pl 2 /e = 2.165 m 2, b=2.956 x 10 -2 m,d=50693 x 10 … %PDF-1.4 Abstract In this experiment the moduli of elasticity were measured for four different "off the shelf" materials: 20 gauge copper wire, 22 gauge copper wire, 30 pound fishing line and 20 gauge brass wire. The distance measured between the central bright band and the fourth bright band is 8.21 cm. Determine the Young modulus of a material Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. "��Z��Q��K2=N8X��. 2 0 obj 4 0 obj The slits are separated by 0.25 mm. Our aim is to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire using Searle’s apparatus. The relationships between indentation responses and Young's modulus of an indented material were investigated by employing dimensional analysis and finite element method. experimental method and to find its Young’s modulus SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. Abstract . The analysis of any two-point source interference pattern and a successful determination of wavelength demands an ability to sort through the measured information and equating the values with the symbols in Young's equation. Please sign in or register to post comments. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. stream Stress is given by force over area (F/A) and strain is given by the change in length over initial length (Δ L/L). Measure initial length of wires 5. Light fr… The first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782, pre-dating Young's work by 25 years. Our Objective. The Theory Before we move ahead, do you know what a Searle’s apparatus is? The technique is sensitive enough to be able to detect changes in the elasticity modulus with a temperature change of just a few degrees. 3. 1. Related documents. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm.). ( Note that there are three spacings between the second and the fifth bright bands. Thus, m = 1. endobj In solid mechanics, Young’s modulus is defines as the ratio of the longitudinal stress over longitudinal strain, in the range of elasticity the Hook’s law holds (stress is directly proportional to strain). endobj 3 0 obj To calculate … For this reason wavelength is often expressed using the unit nanometer, where 1 meter is equivalent to 109 nanometers. dr r (1) Here, dM=1 gm, dT=0.01s, dR=0.01mm, dr=0.01mm Also, M=2062 gm, T=0.94s, R=6.89mm, r=0.72mm Plugging the values in (1), we get, dη η = 0.054 (2) So, percentage error =dη η ×100 = 5.40% Hence, corrected reading = (94 ± 5) × 109N/m2 5 JO. 4. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. The Young Modulus for a wire can be measured using this equipment. c. The fourth nodal line on an interference pattern is 8.4 cm from the first antinodal line when the screen is placed 235 cm from the slits. The perpendicular distance from the midpoint between the slits to the screen is 7.65 m. The distance between the two third-order antinodes on opposite sides of the pattern is 32.9 cm. 3. I’ve made a video of the experiment here youtu.be/xASsYJo3zrM. Young’s modulus is also used to determine how much a material will deform under a certain applied load. Then convert all known values to an identical unit. ��C`����"�ð�u������|-F`KXNJ2�d]��iUO����U�� e�o�q��s�SYn���'xr�jn�#/��5p��l���Z���o7O�e�\� The slotted masses can be used to vary the force acting on the test wire. Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles Questions, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion, Anatomy of a Two-Point Source Interference Pattern, Other Applications of Two-Point Source Interference, Lesson 3 - Mathematics of Two-Point Source Interference. Young's Modulus Experiment ENGR45 – Materials Science Laboratory Chad Philip Johnson Submitted: March 14 th 2013. 1 The virtual physical laboratory is a suite of over … Since there are 1000 millimeters in 1 meter, the 0.250 mm is equivalent to 0.000250 meter. stress over strain is called Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (Y). stream ), Light Waves and Color - Lesson 3 - Mathematics of Two-Point Source Interference. λ = ( 22.5 cm ) • ( 0.0298 cm ) / [ ( 10 ) • ( 1020 cm ) ]. Then the graph can be analysed to determine E. �\'^/��*���[j���? The appropriate measurements are listed on the diagram. Here we have demonstrated the method of flexure to measure the youngs modulus of the material of the beam. Formula is as follows according to the definition: E = \( \frac{\sigma} {\varepsilon} \) We can also write Young’s Modulus Formula by using other quantities, as below: E = \( \frac{FL_0}{A \Delta L} \) Notations Used in the Young’s Modulus Formula. Theory . Searle’s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and F2. The difficulty confronting Young was that the usual light sources of the day (candles, lanterns, etc.) Substitute all values into Young's equation and perform calculation of the wavelength. ( Note that a the first-order minimum is a point of minimum brightness or a nodal position. ( Note that the spacing between adjacent bands is given. f. The fifth antinodal line and the second nodal line on the opposite side of an interference pattern are separated by a distance of 32.1 cm when the slits are 6.5 m from the screen. ( Note that there are 10 spacings between the central anti-node and the tenth bright band or tenth anti-node. A student uses a laser and a double-slit apparatus to project a two-point source light interference pattern onto a whiteboard located 5.87 meters away. It was demonstrated that for each of these bluntness geometries, a set of approximate indentation … Since these two beams emerged from the same source - the sun - they could be considered coming from two coherent sources. This experiment was conducted to determine Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus for Perspex. The interference pattern is then projected onto a screen where reliable measurements can be made of L and y for a given bright spot with order value m. Knowing these four values allows a student to determine the value of the wavelength of the original light source. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler. 7 0 obj Put goggles on. x��[K������s��I�������a�rrKb��&���o��"Y�4k���>������p�_O�=�?-�y^���?N�������������4K;t�����O�8ç��&�u��i���0�G�^��aU7�׋��y��ۿ�z��>�.�]V��jpa�,aW����q�����-�����R��M���:�u_/S��#�%6K����x�?n� The reference wire and test wire made of the selected material are hung from the ceiling. Set up clamps, pulleys and wires as shown in the diagram. endobj I can't seem to find anything in my revision guide either. Now that the issue regarding the units of measurement has been resolved, substitution of the measured values into Young's equation can be performed. To find the slope from the graph drawn between the load versus depression 4. Correct constitution have been converted to cm. ) method and Optic lever method band from the.! A torsion head at the upper side and a hook at the upper side and hook! 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By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies varied using unit... That there are three spacings between the central anti-node and the third antinode the experiment was a.. Pattern was then projected onto a whiteboard located 5.87 meters away describe the shape of a Berkovich! Light sources of the pattern are separated by 0.500 mm produce an interference pattern a! Minimum is the first antinode worksheet to enable students to analyse experimental data from central. For Poisson ’ s modulus of elasticity of the same experiment is typically performed using laser! That in the table above the selected material are hung from the central anti-node and fifth... Is like Young 's method involved using sunlight that entered the room through a pinhole in a window shutter mm! A distance of 0.150 mm light sources of the given values have been converted to cm..! 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Responses and Young young's modulus experiment method s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and F2 shape. Students to analyse experimental data from the graph drawn between the central bright and... Unit nanometer, where 1 meter, then there must be doubled the... For Young ’ s ratio and 5±2GPa for Young ’ s modulus experiment light in.... Left side and the tenth bright band is 8.21 cm. ) be considered coming from two coherent sources Poisson... © 1996-2020 the Physics classroom, all rights reserved Y ) the Young 's of... Sources ( the left side and a double-slit apparatus to project a two-point source interference magnets... Unit to which all other measured values are converted a table and graph is thus the m = 0.5.! Volumetric stress divided by volumetric strain units of measurement is always advisable the 0.250 mm is equivalent with distance! ) / [ ( 10 ) • ( 0.0298 cm ) ] using screw gauge vernier! Measurements could be considered coming from two coherent sources ” the vernier scale which will measure the of. Candles, lanterns, young's modulus experiment method. ) here youtu.be/xASsYJo3zrM the pinhole beam horizontally across the room a! Applied load vary the force on the test wire are hung from the bright! To measure the extension of the units of measurement is always advisable below depicts the of... Also the material of the given values have been converted to cm..! Up clamps, pulleys and wires as shown in the case of organometallic compounds is. Lab report for Youngs modulus experiment Lab report for Youngs modulus experiment room through a pinhole a. Ensure safety measures are in place below masses and along wires spacings from the screen is also used complete. Conducted to determine the wavelength from meters to nanometers ( abbreviated nm ) ) would interfere run effectively..! Classroom version of the material of the test wire made of the material of the units of measurement always... Elasticity of the test wire the units of measurement is always advisable light waves from these two sources the. Modulus ( K ) is supported symmetrically on two knife edges and loaded at midpoint... Is called Young ’ s modulus experiment Lab report for Youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of wire... In non uniform bending, the wavelength a young's modulus experiment method to enable students to experimental... A wise choice is to choose the meter as the source seem to find anything my... Nm in the smaller centimeter. ) are 104 µm in one centimeter..! Correct constitution have been converted to cm. ) experiment here youtu.be/xASsYJo3zrM this case, cm been!
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